John Hoeven

• A
  Iran: the regime12 of 12 with liberty
• –
  Iran: the people1 of 1, too few to count
• A
  Israel12 of 12 with liberty
• B
  Allies9 of 11 with liberty
• A
  Military9 of 9 with liberty
• A
  Borders17 of 17 with liberty
• –
  Islamic migration1 of 1, too few to count
• –
  IslamizationNo record yet
• –
  SecularismNo record yet
• A
  Capitalism13 of 13 with liberty
• –
  Free speech1 of 1, too few to count
• A
  Anti-woke7 of 7 with liberty

• H.Con.Res. 89 · September 24, 2026Iran: the regimeKey vote, counts double

  Iran war powers resolution (H.Con.Res. 89)

  Directs the President to remove US forces from hostilities with Iran.

  Liberty position

  Nay

  Hoeven

  Voted Nay

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Concurrent Resolution. A vote for the resolution is a vote to pull US forces out of the fight against the Islamic Republic.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• H.R. 5334 · August 7, 2026AlliesKey vote, counts double

  Lindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act of 2026 (H.R. 5334)

  Imposes sweeping sanctions on Russia's officials, banks and energy trade, allows steep import duties on countries that keep buying Russian oil and gas, and extends the Iran Sanctions Act through 2031. The sanctions were added to a small tax bill for early childhood teachers.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On Passage of the Bill. It puts heavy economic pressure on Putin and extends sanctions on the regime in Iran.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.J.Res. 181 · July 30, 2026Iran: the regime

  Iran war powers resolution (S.J.Res. 181)

  Would have directed the President to remove US forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that Congress has not authorized.

  Liberty position

  Nay

  Hoeven

  Voted Nay

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Motion to Discharge. A vote for the resolution is a vote to pull US forces out of the fight against the Islamic Republic.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• H.Con.Res. 86 · June 23, 2026Iran: the regimeKey vote, counts double

  Iran war powers resolution (H.Con.Res. 86)

  Directs the President to remove US forces from hostilities against the Islamic Republic of Iran, except forces needed to defend the United States or an ally from imminent attack, unless Congress authorizes force.

  Liberty position

  Nay

  Hoeven

  Voted Nay

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Concurrent Resolution. A vote for the resolution is a vote to pull US forces out of the fight against the Islamic Republic.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S. 2 · June 5, 2026Borders

  Lee motion on the Secure America Act: proof of citizenship to register

  Would have added the SAVE America voter rules: proof of citizenship to register and photo ID to vote in federal elections.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Motion. It keeps non-citizens off the voter rolls. The task brief lists the SAVE Act under this measure.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S. 2 · June 5, 2026Borders

  Durbin motion on the Secure America Act: shield DACA recipients

  Would have moved ICE money to DACA processing and barred the arrest, detention or deportation of DACA recipients.

  Liberty position

  Nay

  Hoeven

  Voted Nay

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Motion. Voting no keeps the enforcement money and opposes a blanket shield from deportation.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S. 2 · June 5, 2026BordersKey vote, counts double

  Secure America Act (S. 2), Senate passage

  A party-line budget bill giving about 70 billion dollars through 2029 to Border Patrol, ICE and border technology. Signed into law in June 2026.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On Passage of the Bill. The largest immigration enforcement funding vote of 2026.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.J.Res. 185 · May 19, 2026Iran: the regime

  Iran war powers resolution (S.J.Res. 185)

  Would have directed the President to remove US forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that Congress has not authorized.

  Liberty position

  Nay

  Hoeven

  Voted Nay

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Motion to Discharge. A vote for the resolution is a vote to pull US forces out of the fight against the Islamic Republic.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.J.Res. 163 · May 13, 2026Iran: the regime

  Iran war powers resolution (S.J.Res. 163)

  Would have directed the President to remove US forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that Congress has not authorized.

  Liberty position

  Nay

  Hoeven

  Voted Nay

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Motion to Discharge. A vote for the resolution is a vote to pull US forces out of the fight against the Islamic Republic.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.J.Res. 123 · April 15, 2026Iran: the regime

  Iran war powers resolution (S.J.Res. 123)

  Would have directed the President to remove US forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that Congress has not authorized.

  Liberty position

  Nay

  Hoeven

  Voted Nay

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Motion to Discharge. A vote for the resolution is a vote to pull US forces out of the fight against the Islamic Republic.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.J.Res. 32 · April 15, 2026IsraelKey vote, counts double

  Blocking a sale of armored bulldozers to Israel (S.J.Res. 32)

  Would have blocked a 295 million dollar US sale of Caterpillar D9 bulldozers to Israel.

  Liberty position

  Nay

  Hoeven

  Voted Nay

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Motion to Discharge. A vote for it is a vote to block weapons for Israel.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.J.Res. 138 · April 15, 2026Israel

  Blocking a sale of 1,000-pound bombs to Israel (S.J.Res. 138)

  Would have blocked a 152 million dollar US sale of 12,000 1,000-pound bombs to Israel.

  Liberty position

  Nay

  Hoeven

  Voted Nay

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Motion to Discharge. A vote for it is a vote to block weapons for Israel.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S. 1383 · March 21, 2026Anti-woke

  Cloture on the Tuberville and Blackburn women's sports amendment

  A vote to end debate on an amendment adding the Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act to another bill. It needed 60 votes and got 49.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Cloture Motion. A yes vote backed keeping women's sports for biological women.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.J.Res. 118 · March 18, 2026Iran: the regime

  Iran war powers resolution (S.J.Res. 118)

  Would have directed the President to remove US forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that Congress has not authorized.

  Liberty position

  Nay

  Hoeven

  Voted Nay

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Motion to Discharge. A vote for the resolution is a vote to pull US forces out of the fight against the Islamic Republic.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.J.Res. 104 · March 4, 2026Iran: the regimeKey vote, counts double

  Iran war powers resolution (S.J.Res. 104)

  Would have directed the President to remove US forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that Congress has not authorized.

  Liberty position

  Nay

  Hoeven

  Voted Nay

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Motion to Discharge. A vote for the resolution is a vote to pull US forces out of the fight against the Islamic Republic.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• H.R. 7147 · February 12, 2026Borders

  Homeland Security funding, cloture (H.R. 7147)

  A vote to move ahead with the House-passed Homeland Security funding bill, used as the vehicle for a short-term extension. Democrats blocked it to demand new limits on ICE, and DHS funding lapsed days later.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Cloture Motion. The fight was over whether to fund ICE without new restrictions.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.Res. 606 · February 11, 2026Iran: the people

  Condemning the Government of Iran for its suppression of the right of Iranians to peacefully assemble

  Condemns the regime's killing of protesters and bystanders, commends the courage of the Iranian people, and calls for free and fair elections.

  Liberty position

  Sign on

  Hoeven

  Cosponsored

  Result

  With liberty

  Bill sponsorship. It puts senators on record with the Iranian people during the uprising.

  The bill on Congress.gov
• S. 1071 · December 17, 2025MilitaryKey vote, counts double

  National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, final version (S. 1071)

  The final agreed version of the yearly bill that sets the size, pay and weapons programs of the US military for 2026.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Motion. It is the final vote on funding and equipping the US military for the year.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S. 2296 · October 9, 2025Military

  Sanders amendment to the 2026 defense bill: cut the Pentagon budget by 10 percent

  Would have cut the Pentagon budget by 10 percent and moved the money to dental care for veterans.

  Liberty position

  Nay

  Hoeven

  Voted Nay

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Amendment. A vote for it is a vote to shrink the US military.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S. 2296 · October 9, 2025Military

  National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Senate passage (S. 2296)

  The Senate version of the yearly bill that sets the size, pay and weapons programs of the US military for 2026.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On Passage of the Bill. It funds and equips the US military.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.J.Res. 41 · July 30, 2025Israel

  Blocking a sale of automatic rifles to Israel (S.J.Res. 41)

  Would have blocked the export of tens of thousands of automatic rifles to Israel.

  Liberty position

  Nay

  Hoeven

  Voted Nay

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Motion to Discharge. A vote for it is a vote to block weapons for Israel.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.J.Res. 34 · July 30, 2025Israel

  Blocking a sale of bombs to Israel (S.J.Res. 34)

  Would have blocked a US sale of bombs and related support services to Israel.

  Liberty position

  Nay

  Hoeven

  Voted Nay

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Motion to Discharge. A vote for it is a vote to block weapons for Israel.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• H.R. 1 · July 1, 2025CapitalismKey vote, counts double

  One Big Beautiful Bill Act (Senate passage)

  The 2025 reconciliation law that made the 2017 tax cuts permanent, added new tax cuts, cut some federal spending and funded border and defense priorities.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On Passage of the Bill. A yes vote backed the tax cuts named in this measure.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.J.Res. 59 · June 27, 2025Iran: the regimeKey vote, counts double

  Iran war powers resolution after the June 2025 strikes (S.J.Res. 59)

  Would have directed the President to remove US forces from hostilities against the Islamic Republic of Iran unless Congress authorized them. It came days after the US strikes on Iran's nuclear sites.

  Liberty position

  Nay

  Hoeven

  Voted Nay

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Motion to Discharge. A vote for it is a vote to tie the President's hands against the regime.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• H.J.Res. 88 · May 22, 2025Capitalism

  Disapproving the California gas car phase-out waiver (H.J.Res. 88)

  Overturns the EPA waiver that let California require all new cars sold in the state to be zero emission by 2035.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Joint Resolution. A yes vote opposed a mandate that would end sales of new gas cars.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.J.Res. 33 · April 3, 2025Israel

  Blocking a sale of 2,000-pound bombs to Israel (S.J.Res. 33)

  Would have blocked a 2 billion dollar US sale of heavy bombs to Israel.

  Liberty position

  Nay

  Hoeven

  Voted Nay

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Motion to Discharge. A vote for it is a vote to block weapons for Israel.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.J.Res. 26 · April 3, 2025Israel

  Blocking a sale of bombs and guidance kits to Israel (S.J.Res. 26)

  Would have blocked a 6.75 billion dollar US sale of bombs and guidance kits to Israel.

  Liberty position

  Nay

  Hoeven

  Voted Nay

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Motion to Discharge. A vote for it is a vote to block weapons for Israel.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.J.Res. 18 · March 27, 2025Capitalism

  Disapproving the CFPB cap on bank overdraft fees (S.J.Res. 18)

  Overturns a Consumer Financial Protection Bureau rule that would have capped overdraft fees at large banks at 5 dollars.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Joint Resolution. A yes vote opposed a federal price cap on a banking service.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• H.J.Res. 25 · March 26, 2025Capitalism

  Disapproving the IRS crypto broker reporting rule (H.J.Res. 25)

  Overturns an IRS rule that would have required decentralized finance platforms to report customer transactions as brokers.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Joint Resolution. A yes vote removed a major new reporting regulation on a new industry.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S. 9 · March 3, 2025Anti-wokeKey vote, counts double

  Cloture on the Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act (S. 9)

  A vote to move ahead with the bill that makes it a Title IX violation for schools to let biological males compete in women's and girls' sports. It needed 60 votes and got 51.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed. A yes vote backed keeping women's sports for biological women.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.Con.Res. 7 · February 21, 2025Capitalism

  Budget amendment backing REINS Act style approval of major rules

  An amendment to the 2025 budget resolution supporting legislation that stops federal agencies from finalizing major rules without a vote of Congress.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Amendment. A yes vote backed the REINS Act idea, which has had no direct Senate vote.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S. 556 · February 12, 2025Iran: the regime

  Enhanced Iran Sanctions Act of 2025

  Senate version. Sanctions any foreign company, port, refinery or ship that helps process, export or sell Iranian oil and gas.

  Liberty position

  Sign on

  Hoeven

  Cosponsored

  Result

  With liberty

  Bill sponsorship. It goes after the oil money that keeps the regime alive.

  The bill on Congress.gov
• H.R. 23 · January 28, 2025IsraelKey vote, counts double

  Illegitimate Court Counteraction Act (H.R. 23)

  Would sanction officials of the International Criminal Court who investigate, arrest or prosecute Americans or citizens of allies such as Israel. The Senate vote was on whether to take the bill up, and it fell short of the 60 votes needed.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed. It answers the court's arrest warrant for Israel's prime minister.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S. 5 · January 20, 2025Borders

  Laken Riley Act amendment: add crimes causing death or serious injury

  Added crimes that cause death or serious bodily injury to the offenses that trigger mandatory detention of illegal immigrants.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Amendment. Widens detention of criminal aliens.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S. 5 · January 20, 2025BordersKey vote, counts double

  Laken Riley Act (S. 5), Senate passage

  Requires detention of illegal immigrants charged with theft, burglary, assaulting an officer, or crimes causing death or serious injury, and lets states sue over enforcement failures.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On Passage of the Bill. Mandatory detention of criminal aliens. The task brief names this bill.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S. 5 · January 15, 2025Borders

  Laken Riley Act amendment: remove states' power to sue

  Would have removed the part of the Laken Riley Act that lets state attorneys general sue federal officials who fail to detain illegal immigrants.

  Liberty position

  Nay

  Hoeven

  Voted Nay

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Amendment. Voting no keeps a tool for forcing enforcement.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• H.R. 5009 · December 18, 2024Military

  National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, final version (H.R. 5009)

  The final agreed version of the yearly bill that sets the size, pay and weapons programs of the US military for 2025.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Motion. It is the final vote on funding and equipping the US military for the year.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.J.Res. 111 · November 20, 2024IsraelKey vote, counts double

  Blocking a sale of tank rounds to Israel (S.J.Res. 111)

  Would have blocked a US sale of 120mm tank ammunition to Israel.

  Liberty position

  Nay

  Hoeven

  Voted Nay

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Motion to Discharge. A vote for it is a vote to block weapons for Israel.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.J.Res. 113 · November 20, 2024Israel

  Blocking a sale of mortar rounds to Israel (S.J.Res. 113)

  Would have blocked a US sale of 120mm mortar ammunition to Israel.

  Liberty position

  Nay

  Hoeven

  Voted Nay

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Motion to Discharge. A vote for it is a vote to block weapons for Israel.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.J.Res. 115 · November 20, 2024Israel

  Blocking bomb guidance kits for Israel (S.J.Res. 115)

  Would have blocked the export to Israel of JDAM kits, which turn ordinary bombs into guided ones.

  Liberty position

  Nay

  Hoeven

  Voted Nay

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Motion to Discharge. A vote for it is a vote to block weapons for Israel.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.J.Res. 117 · November 20, 2024Allies

  Paul resolution against forgiving Ukraine's debt (S.J.Res. 117)

  Would have disapproved the President's plan to cancel about 4.65 billion dollars in loans to Ukraine.

  Liberty position

  Nay

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  Against liberty

  Senate vote · On the Motion to Proceed. A vote for it is a vote to pull back US support for Ukraine.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• H.J.Res. 109 · May 16, 2024Capitalism

  Disapproving SEC crypto accounting bulletin SAB 121 (H.J.Res. 109)

  Overturns SEC staff guidance that made it costly for banks to hold crypto assets for customers.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Joint Resolution. A yes vote removed a regulation that kept banks out of a new market.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• H.R. 815 · April 23, 2024AlliesKey vote, counts double

  National security supplemental for Ukraine, Israel and Taiwan, final passage (H.R. 815)

  Final approval of about 95 billion dollars in aid for Ukraine, Israel and Taiwan, together with new sanctions on Iran and Russia. It became law.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Motion. It is the defining vote on arming US allies against Putin, the regime in Iran and China.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S. 4072 · April 18, 2024Capitalism

  Bill to block the EPA tailpipe rules for 2027 and later vehicles (S. 4072)

  Would have barred the EPA from spending money to enforce its new emission limits for cars and light trucks, which critics called an electric vehicle mandate. It needed 60 votes and got 52.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On Passage of the Bill. A yes vote opposed a regulation that would push gas cars off the market.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• H.R. 4366 · March 8, 2024Borders

  Hagerty motion: count only citizens for House seats

  Would have added a requirement that the census count citizenship and that only citizens be counted when dividing House seats.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Motion. It stops illegal immigration from adding House seats to states with large non-citizen populations.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• H.R. 815 · February 13, 2024Allies

  National security supplemental for Ukraine, Israel and Taiwan, Senate passage (H.R. 815)

  Provides about 95 billion dollars in aid, mainly for Ukraine, Israel and Taiwan.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On Passage of the Bill. It arms three allies at once against Putin, the regime in Iran and China.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.Res. 504 · January 16, 2024IsraelKey vote, counts double

  Tabling the Sanders resolution on Israel's human rights record (S.Res. 504)

  The Sanders resolution would have forced a State Department report on Israel's human rights practices in the Gaza war, a step that can lead to cutting off military aid. The vote was on a motion to kill it.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Motion to Table. A yea killed an attempt to put conditions on military aid to Israel during the war.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• H.R. 2670 · December 13, 2023MilitaryKey vote, counts double

  National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024, final version (H.R. 2670)

  The final agreed version of the yearly bill that sets the size, pay and weapons programs of the US military for 2024.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Conference Report. It is the final vote on funding and equipping the US military for the year.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.J.Res. 51 · December 7, 2023Allies

  Syria withdrawal resolution (S.J.Res. 51)

  Would have directed the removal of US armed forces from Syria.

  Liberty position

  Nay

  Hoeven

  Voted Nay

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Motion to Discharge. A vote for it is a vote for US retreat from the region.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.J.Res. 42 · October 26, 2023Anti-woke

  Disapproving the USDA gender identity policy for school meal programs (S.J.Res. 42)

  Would have overturned an Agriculture Department policy that applied sex discrimination rules to gender identity for schools and others that get federal food aid. It failed 47 to 50.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Joint Resolution. A yes vote opposed tying school lunch money to gender identity rules.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S. 2226 · July 27, 2023Military

  Sanders amendment to the 2024 defense bill: reduce military spending

  Would have cut military spending in the 2024 National Defense Authorization Act.

  Liberty position

  Nay

  Hoeven

  Voted Nay

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Amendment. A vote for it is a vote to shrink the US military.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S. 2226 · July 27, 2023Military

  National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024, Senate passage (S. 2226)

  The Senate version of the yearly bill that sets the size, pay and weapons programs of the US military for 2024.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On Passage of the Bill. It funds and equips the US military.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S. 2226 · July 20, 2023Allies

  Lee amendment to the 2024 defense bill: limit funds for Ukraine

  Would have limited the money available to support Ukraine.

  Liberty position

  Nay

  Hoeven

  Voted Nay

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Amendment. A vote for it is a vote to cut help for Ukraine.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S. 2226 · July 19, 2023Allies

  Kaine amendment to the 2024 defense bill: no leaving NATO without Congress

  Bars any president from pulling the United States out of NATO without a two-thirds Senate vote or an act of Congress.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Nay

  Result

  Against liberty

  Senate vote · On the Amendment. It locks the United States into NATO.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S. 2226 · July 19, 2023Allies

  Paul amendment to the 2024 defense bill: Article 5 does not override Congress

  Would have declared that NATO's mutual defense pledge does not replace the need for Congress to declare war.

  Liberty position

  Nay

  Hoeven

  Voted Nay

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Amendment. A vote for it weakens the NATO promise that an attack on one is an attack on all.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• H.J.Res. 45 · June 1, 2023Capitalism

  Disapproving the student loan cancellation plan (H.J.Res. 45)

  Overturns the Education Department action that would have cancelled up to 20,000 dollars of student debt per borrower and ends the repayment pause.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Joint Resolution. A yes vote opposed a new debt cancellation program costing about 400 billion dollars.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• H.R. 3746 · June 1, 2023BordersKey vote, counts double

  Marshall amendment: add the Secure the Border Act to the debt limit bill

  Would have attached the House-passed Secure the Border Act (H.R. 2) to the 2023 debt limit bill.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Amendment. The only Senate vote on the full H.R. 2 border package.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.J.Res. 18 · May 17, 2023Borders

  Overturning the Biden public charge rule (S.J.Res. 18)

  Would have cancelled a rule that narrowed when an immigrant can be refused entry or a green card for being likely to depend on government benefits.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Joint Resolution. Voting yes backs a stricter test for immigrants who would rely on welfare.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• H.J.Res. 26 · March 8, 2023Anti-wokeKey vote, counts double

  Disapproving the DC Revised Criminal Code Act (H.J.Res. 26)

  Blocks a DC law that would have lowered maximum penalties for crimes such as carjacking and robbery.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Joint Resolution. A yes vote opposed a soft on crime rewrite of the capital's criminal code.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• H.J.Res. 30 · March 1, 2023CapitalismKey vote, counts double

  Disapproving the Labor Department ESG investing rule (H.J.Res. 30)

  Overturns a Labor Department rule that let retirement plan managers weigh environmental, social and governance factors when choosing investments.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Joint Resolution. A yes vote opposed a federal rule that opened retirement savings to ESG investing.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• H.R. 2617 · December 22, 2022Borders

  2022 spending bill amendment: no DHS money to move illegal aliens around the US

  Would have barred DHS from spending money to transport illegal immigrants to other parts of the country.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Amendment. It opposes catch-and-release by relocation.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• H.R. 2617 · December 22, 2022BordersKey vote, counts double

  2022 spending bill amendment: keep Title 42 in place

  Would have barred federal money from being used to end the Title 42 border expulsion policy.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Amendment. The decisive Senate vote on keeping Title 42.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• H.R. 7776 · December 15, 2022MilitaryKey vote, counts double

  National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, final version (H.R. 7776)

  The final agreed version of the yearly bill that sets the size, pay and weapons programs of the US military for 2023.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Motion. It is the final vote on funding and equipping the US military for the year.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• H.R. 5376 · August 7, 2022CapitalismKey vote, counts double

  Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (Senate passage)

  A reconciliation package of climate and energy subsidies, new corporate taxes, drug price negotiation in Medicare and 80 billion dollars of new IRS funding.

  Liberty position

  Nay

  Hoeven

  Voted Nay

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On Passage of the Bill. A no vote opposed new taxes, subsidies and federal price setting.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• TREATYDOC1173 · August 3, 2022Allies

  Paul amendment to the NATO treaty vote: Article 5 reservation

  Would have added a reservation to the treaty admitting Finland and Sweden to NATO saying the mutual defense pledge does not replace the need for Congress to authorize war.

  Liberty position

  Nay

  Hoeven

  Voted Nay

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Amendment. A vote for it weakens the NATO promise that an attack on one is an attack on all.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• TREATYDOC1173 · August 3, 2022AlliesKey vote, counts double

  Finland and Sweden joining NATO (Treaty Doc. 117-3)

  Approves the treaty change that admits Finland and Sweden to NATO.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Resolution of Ratification. It makes NATO stronger against Russia.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.J.Res. 46 · May 26, 2022Borders

  Overturning the Biden asylum officer rule (S.J.Res. 46)

  Would have cancelled a rule letting asylum officers, instead of immigration judges, grant asylum to people caught at the border.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Joint Resolution. The rule made it faster and easier to grant asylum at the border. Voting yes opposes that.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• H.R. 7691 · May 19, 2022AlliesKey vote, counts double

  Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022 (H.R. 7691)

  Provides about 40 billion dollars in military, economic and humanitarian aid for Ukraine after Russia's invasion.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On Passage of the Bill. It is the main early vote on arming Ukraine against Putin.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• H.R. 4521 · May 4, 2022Iran: the regime

  Cruz motion on H.R. 4521: keep terrorism sanctions on the Central Bank of Iran and the IRGC

  Tells Senate negotiators on the China competition bill to insist on language about limiting cooperation between China and Iran through the terrorism sanctions on the Central Bank of Iran and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Motion. It backs keeping terrorism sanctions on the regime's bank and its main armed force.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• H.R. 4521 · May 4, 2022Iran: the regime

  Lankford motion on H.R. 4521: no nuclear deal that lifts IRGC sanctions

  Tells Senate negotiators to insist that any nuclear deal with Iran also covers its missiles, terrorism and sanctions evasion, does not lift sanctions on the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, and does not remove its terrorist designation.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Motion. It opposes a nuclear deal that gives the regime sanctions relief.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S. 1605 · December 15, 2021MilitaryKey vote, counts double

  National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022, final version (S. 1605)

  The final agreed version of the yearly bill that sets the size, pay and weapons programs of the US military for 2022.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Motion. It is the final vote on funding and equipping the US military for the year.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• H.R. 5305 · September 30, 2021Islamic migrationKey vote, counts double

  Cotton amendment on Afghan evacuee benefits and vetting

  Would have limited resettlement benefits for Afghan evacuees paroled into the US and required full vetting before they could get REAL ID licenses.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Amendment. A direct vote on vetting and benefits for the Afghans brought in after the 2021 withdrawal.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.Con.Res. 14 · August 11, 2021Anti-wokeKey vote, counts double

  Cotton amendment against teaching critical race theory in schools

  An amendment to the 2021 budget resolution supporting a ban on federal funds for teaching critical race theory in pre-kindergarten, elementary and secondary schools. It passed 50 to 49.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Amendment. A yes vote opposed critical race theory in schools.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.Con.Res. 14 · August 11, 2021Borders

  Budget amendment: detain and deport more criminal aliens

  A budget amendment calling for the resources to detain and deport more illegal immigrants who have been convicted of crimes.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Amendment. Deportation of criminal aliens.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.Con.Res. 14 · August 11, 2021Borders

  Budget amendment: no green cards for illegal aliens with criminal records

  A budget amendment against giving legal permanent residence to illegal immigrants who have criminal records.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Amendment. It opposes amnesty for criminal aliens.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• H.R. 3684 · August 4, 2021Borders

  Infrastructure bill amendment: keep border wall contracts

  Would have barred the administration from cancelling border wall contracts that were already funded.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Amendment. A direct vote on finishing the border wall.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S. 1260 · May 26, 2021Free speech

  Amendment requiring colleges to attest that they protect free speech

  An amendment to the 2021 innovation and competition bill that would have required colleges to submit attestations on freedom of speech. It failed 49 to 51.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Amendment. A yes vote backed free speech protections on campus.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.J.Res. 14 · April 28, 2021Capitalism

  Restoring the methane emission rules for oil and gas (S.J.Res. 14)

  Overturns a 2020 rule that had removed methane limits on oil and gas operations, which put the earlier and stricter limits back in force.

  Liberty position

  Nay

  Hoeven

  Voted Nay

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Joint Resolution. A no vote opposed putting the stricter regulation back on energy producers.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S. 937 · April 22, 2021Anti-woke

  Amendment barring federal funds for colleges that discriminate against Asian Americans in admissions

  An amendment to the COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act that would have cut off federal money from colleges that discriminate against Asian American applicants. It needed 60 votes and got 49.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Amendment. A yes vote opposed race-based admissions.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• H.R. 1319 · March 6, 2021CapitalismKey vote, counts double

  American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Senate passage)

  A 1.9 trillion dollar COVID relief and spending package passed through budget reconciliation.

  Liberty position

  Nay

  Hoeven

  Voted Nay

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On Passage of the Bill. A no vote opposed one of the largest spending packages of the period.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• H.R. 1319 · March 6, 2021Anti-wokeKey vote, counts double

  Tuberville amendment on biological males in women's school sports

  A motion to allow an amendment to the 2021 relief bill that would have cut off its education money from schools that let biological males compete in women's and girls' sports. It needed 60 votes and got 49.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Motion. A yes vote backed keeping women's sports for biological women.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.Con.Res. 5 · February 5, 2021Borders

  Budget amendment: against catch-and-release, for Remain in Mexico

  A budget amendment on ending catch-and-release and keeping the Migrant Protection Protocols (Remain in Mexico).

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Amendment. A direct vote on ending catch-and-release, which the task brief names.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.Con.Res. 5 · February 4, 2021Israel

  Inhofe amendment: keep the US Embassy in Jerusalem

  Amendment to the 2021 budget resolution supporting keeping the US Embassy in Jerusalem, Israel.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Amendment. It backs US recognition of Jerusalem as Israel's capital.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call
• S.Con.Res. 5 · February 4, 2021Capitalism

  Budget amendment backing the Keystone XL pipeline

  An amendment to the 2021 budget resolution supporting approval of the Keystone XL oil pipeline from Canada.

  Liberty position

  Yea

  Hoeven

  Voted Yea

  Result

  With liberty

  Senate vote · On the Amendment. A yes vote backed more energy infrastructure.

  The bill on Congress.govThe official roll call

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